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THE MEDICINAL MUSHROOM THAT CONNECTS THE GUT-BRAIN AXIS
Lion’s Mane (Hericium erinaceus), or simply Hericium, is a medicinal mushroom widely used for its benefits to the body. It is also known as ‘Yamabushitake’, ‘Hou Tou Gu’ (monkey head mushroom), ‘hedgehog mushroom’ or ‘pom-pom-blanc.It is visually attractive because of its imposing globular fruiting body with dangling white spines that give the impression of a frozen waterfall or a majestic lion’s mane (hence its curious popular name).

ESSENTIAL NOTES ON HERICIUM FUNGUS

Hericium contains hundreds of bioactive components or active biomolecules such as beta-glucans, hericenones, ergosterol (provitamin D2) or natural GABA, which are studied for their role in gut microbiota health (related to the gut-brain axis connection) and neurogenesis. Currently enjoying increasing popularity this mushroom is the subject of ongoing scientific research:

  • Gastroenterology (gastrointestinal or digestive health) and immune health: for its role in the care of the intestinal microbiota.
  • Neurology-nervous system: neurocognitive function (memory – hippocampal function, concentration and attention) and low mood states.
  • Integrative support: studies on its activity in combination with conventional treatments and its effect on quality of life.

Hericium erinaceus is an edible mushroom well known in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Asian medicinal cuisine. In fact, Lion’s Mane was first documented in a beautiful Chinese illustration during the Ming dynasty in the 16th century. From an historical perspective, Lion’s Mane has traditionally been used to “fortify the spleen, nourish the intestine and fight cancer”. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, the mushroom is said to be “nourishing to the five internal organs (liver, lung, spleen, heart and kidney)”. In addition, it is said to “promote good digestion and general vigour, and treat intestinal ulcers”. Finally, it has been used for “insomnia, weakness and hypodynamia” (decreased strength), which are characteristic symptoms of ‘Qi’ (life force) deficiency in TCM.

Hericium erinaceus Lion's mane

PROPERTIES, APPLICATIONS AND USES OF LION’S MANE

Research into its health-promoting properties has accelerated in the last twenty years, making Lion’s Mane a medicinal mushroom with exciting potential. It has been traditionally used for thousands of years in holistic practices. Buddhist monks used to take an infusion of this medicinal mushroom to aid concentration during meditation, as they attributed to it the power to “clear the mind and enhance cognition“. 

In addition, it has been used throughout history in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to “combat stomach and other digestive system problems” (Hiwatashi et al., 2010). Lion’s Mane can now be found worldwide as a supplement or food supplement in the form of a concentrated extract such as our Mico-Leo (organic and standardised in the respective active biomolecules).

The advantage of the extract is that it is highly concentrated, which means that it can be up to 30 times more potent than an equivalent amount of fresh mushrooms. Extracts in liquid form with this medicinal mushroom are also available, especially for consumption by young children. This is the case with infant formulas such as Dr. GB‘s ‘Gut and Brain‘. 

You can also find this mushroom in powder form in food supplements such as our Bio-Intestin. Which also contains organic powders of other medicinal mushrooms such as Shiitake (Lentinula edodes), Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and King oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii), which synergise with the effects of Lion’s Mane.

Lion’s Mane can also be found as a whole mushroom, fresh or dried. The fresh mushroom can be easily cooked, but should be consumed quickly. The dried mushroom, on the other hand, can be prepared as an infusion or in the form of a smoothie, soup, cream or juice from an organic superfood powder such as Hericium Digest (prebiotic recipe).

PRODUCTS WITH LION’S MANE

HERICIUM NUTRIENT HIGHLIGHTS

Lion’s Mane possesses a series of nutrients, biomolecules and active compounds among which the following stand out:

ERINACINES:

I, E and H

GABA

ERGOTHIONEINE

HERICENONES:

stimulating the biosynthesis of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)

VITAMINS:

Groups C and D

MINERALS:

Zinc
Iron
Selenium
Calcium
Phosphorus
Potassium

HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION

Lion’s Mane is a fungus that grows on old or dead trees (mainly in beech and oak forests). It occurs naturally in many regions of the world. It is widespread in the mountainous areas of Asian territories, the northern hemisphere of America and in many parts of Europe, being especially abundant in Central and Southern France.

MYCOLOGICAL NOTES

Hericium erinaceus usually has a rounded fruiting body with spines that all emerge from the same point and cascade down like a mop head. White or pale yellow-brown in colour that darkens with age, the fruiting body is attached to the substrate by a very short, broad stipe (stem). They are annual fruiting bodies, but may recur in the same place on a tree for several years.The entire fruiting body can be up to 30 cm in diameter, although 15-20 cm is more typical. The spines of Hericium erinaceus have pointed tips and vary in length from 1 to 5 cm.

THE CULTIVATION OF LION’S MANE

Although the mushrooms have been found in nature for many years, Lion’s Mane cultivation was first reported in China in 1988. Hericium erinaceus is cultivated both industrially and on a small scale. Commercial cultivation uses dead tree trunks or sterilised sawdust. Different cultivation kits are also available, which include the culture medium and spores and/or mycelia of the fungus. These crops should be grown in places where there is no direct sunlight, with temperatures between 15 and 20 °C and high humidity, with watering at least twice a day. As mentioned above, the medicinal mushroom has been cultivated for just over 60 years and, to this day, China is considered to be the main producer, with a cultivation volume of more than 10 tonnes per year.

CULTIVATION IN BIOREACTORS

Highest quality, purity and perfomance in our production systems

One of the most powerful lines of research at Hifas da Terra focuses on the continuous improvement of the cultivation of different species in bioreactors (Reishi, Lion’s Mane, Shiitake and Maitake) using certified organic substrates, as well as the standardisation of the quality of  source ingredients to guarantee excellence in the final product  with each medicinal mushroom.

Through our own quality standards, we identify biomolecules and active ingredients with therapeutic actionsselecting the fungal strains that contain the optimum amounts, and use our own specific analytical systems to apply analysis protocols at different stages of production. Thanks to this rigorous system, we offer natural products, supplements and nutraceuticals with the Hifas Quality System guarantee, setting us apart from other products in terms of quality, safety and efficacy.

Learn more

Laboratories

CULTIVATION IN BIOREACTORS

Highest quality, purity and performance in our production systems.

One of the most powerful lines of research at Hifas da Terra focuses on the continuous improvement of the cultivation of different species in bioreactors (Reishi, Lion’s Mane, Shiitake and Maitake) using certified organic substrates, as well as the standardisation of the quality of  source ingredients to guarantee excellence in the final product  with each medicinal mushroom.

Through our own quality standards, we identify biomolecules and active ingredients with therapeutic actionsselecting the fungal strains that contain the optimum amounts, and use our own specific analytical systems to apply analysis protocols at different stages of production. Thanks to this rigorous system, we offer natural products, supplements and nutraceuticals with the Hifas Quality System guarantee, setting us apart from other products in terms of quality, safety and efficacy.

Learn more

R&D AND STUDIES WITH HERICIUM

  • The study published by Hifas da Terra, carried out by our R&D department, has successfully obtained the fractionation of the extract of Hyphae erinaceus using eco-friendly solvents.
  • Hifas da Terra has its own strains isolated from the Iberian Peninsula in its extensive mycological library (Mycological Bank Hifas).

FUN FACTS

  • Hericium, the generic name – means belonging to a hedgehog, and is a reference to the spiny fertile surfaces of the fungi of this species. As is often the case with the type species of a genus, the specific epithet erinaceus means the same as the generic name: “like a hedgehog”.
  • Parada, M., Rodríguez-Blanco, A., de Ana Magán, F. F., & Domínguez, H. (2015). Sequential extraction of Hericium erinaceus using green solvents. LWT-Food Science and Technology64(1), 397-404.
  • Diling C, Xin Y, Chaoqun Z, et al. Extracts from Hericium erinaceus relieve inflammatory bowel disease by regulating immunity and gut microbiota. Oncotarget. 2017;8(49):85838-85857. Published 2017 Sep 6. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.20689
  • Chong PS, Fung ML, Wong KH, Lim LW. Therapeutic Potential of Hericium erinaceus for Depressive Disorder. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;21(1):163. Published 2019 Dec 25. 
  • Nagano M, Shimizu K, Kondo R, Hayashi C, Sato D, Kitagawa K, Ohnuki K. Reduction of depression and anxiety by 4 weeks Hericium erinaceus intake. Biomed Res. 2010 Aug;31(4):231-7. PubMed [citation] PMID: 20834180
  • Mori K, Inatomi S, Ouchi K, Azumi Y, Tuchida T. Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) on mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res. 2009 Mar; 23(3):367-72. doi:10.1002/ptr.2634. PubMed [citation] PMID: 18844328
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  • Kalaras, M. D., Richie, J. P., Calcagnotto, A., & Beelman, R. B. (2017). Mushrooms: A rich source of the antioxidants ergothioneine and glutathione. Food chemistry233, 429-433.
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  • Diling C, Chaoqun Z, Jian Y, Jian L, Jiyan S, et al. Immunomodulatory Activities of a Fungal Protein Extracted from <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> through Regulating the Gut Microbiota. Front Immunol. 2017;8:666. PubMed PMID: 28713364; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5492111.
  • Kunca V, Čiliak M. Dataset on records of <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> in Slovakia. Data Brief. 2017 Jun;12:156-160. PubMed PMID: 28443294; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5392726.
  • He X, Wang X, Fang J, Chang Y, Ning N, et al. Structures, biological activities, and industrial applications of the polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus (Lion’s Mane) mushroom: A review. Int J Biol Macromol. 2017 Apr; 97:228-237. PubMed PMID: 28087447.
  • Sheng X, Yan J, Meng Y, Kang Y, Han Z, et al. Immunomodulatory effects of Hericium erinaceus derived polysaccharides are mediated by intestinal immunology. Food Funct. 2017 Mar 22;8(3):1020-1027. PubMed PMID: 28266682.
  • Lee KC, Kuo HC, Shen CH, Lu CC, Huang WS, et al. A proteomics approach to identifying novel protein targets involved in erinacine A-mediated inhibition of colorectal cancer cells’ aggressiveness. J Cell Mol Med. 2017 Mar;21(3):588-599. PubMed PMID: 27709782; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5323879. 
  • Wang M, Zhang Y, Xiao X, Xu D, Gao Y, et al. A Polysaccharide Isolated from Mycelia of the Lion’s Mane Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes) Induced Apoptosis in Precancerous Human Gastric Cells. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2017;19(12):1053-1060. PubMed PMID: 29431066.
  • Liu PS, Chueh SH, Chen CC, Lee LY, Shiu LY. Lion’s Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes), Modulates Purinoceptor-Coupled Calcium Signaling and Murine Nociceptive Behavior. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2017;19(6):499-507. PubMed PMID: 29199560.
  • Brandalise F, Cesaroni V, Gregori A, Repetti M, Romano C, et al. Dietary Supplementation of <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> Increases Mossy Fiber-CA3 Hippocampal Neurotransmission and Recognition Memory in Wild-Type Mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:3864340. PubMed PMID: 28115973; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5237458.
  • Lakshmanan H, Raman J, David P, Wong KH, Naidu M, et al. Haematological, biochemical and histopathological aspects of Hericium erinaceus ingestion in a rodent model: A sub-chronic toxicological assessment. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Dec 24;194:1051-1059. PubMed PMID: 27816657.
  • Zhang J, An S, Hu W, Teng M, Wang X, et al. The Neuroprotective Properties of Hericium erinaceus in Glutamate-Damaged Differentiated PC12 Cells and an Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Nov 1;17(11) PubMed PMID: 27809277; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5133811.
  • Wong KH, Kanagasabapathy G, Naidu M, David P, Sabaratnam V. Hericium erinaceus (Bull: Fr) Pers, a medicinal mushroom, activates peripheral nerve regeneration. Chin J Integr Med. 2016 Oct;22(10):759-67. PubMed PMID: 25159861.
  • Cui F, Gao X, Zhang J, Liu M, Zhang C, et al. Protective Effects of Extracellular and Intracellular Polysaccharides on Hepatotoxicity by Hericium erinaceus SG-02. Curr Microbiol. 2016 Sep;73(3):379-85. PubMed PMID: 27262461.
  • Trovato A, Siracusa R, Di Paola R, Scuto M, Ontario ML, et al. Redox modulation of cellular stress response and lipoxin A4 expression by Hericium Erinaceus in rat brain: relevance to Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. Immun Ageing. 2016; 13:23. PubMed PMID: 27398086; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4938991.
  • Tsai-Teng T, Chin-Chu C, Li-Ya L, Wan-Ping C, Chung-Kuang L, et al. Erinacine A-enriched Hericium erinaceus mycelium ameliorates Alzheimer’s disease-related pathologies in APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice. J Biomed Sci. 2016 Jun 27;23(1):49. PubMed PMID: 27350344; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4924315.
  • Cheng JH, Tsai CL, Lien YY, Lee MS, Sheu SC. High molecular weight of polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus against amyloid beta-induced neurotoxicity. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Jun 7;16:170. PubMed PMID: 27266872; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4895996.
  • Liu JH, Li L, Shang XD, Zhang JL, Tan Q. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of bioactive components isolated from Hericium erinaceus. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 May 13;183:54-58. PubMed PMID: 26364939.
  • Kuo HC, Lu CC, Shen CH, Tung SY, Hsieh MC, et al. Hericium erinaceus mycelium and its isolated erinacine A protection from MPTP-induced neurotoxicity through the ER stress, triggering an apoptosis cascade. J Transl Med. 2016 Mar 18;14:78. PubMed PMID: 26988860; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4797317.
  • Qin M, Geng Y, Lu Z, Xu H, Shi JS, et al. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ethanol Extract of Lion’s Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes), in Mice with Ulcerative Colitis. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2016;18(3):227-34. PubMed PMID: 27481156.
  • Furuta S, Kuwahara R, Hiraki E, Ohnuki K, Yasuo S, et al. Hericium erinaceus extracts alter behavioral rhythm in mice. Biomed Res. 2016;37(4):227-32. PubMed PMID: 27544998.
  • Chang HC, Yang HL, Pan JH, Korivi M, Pan JY, et al. Hericium erinaceus Inhibits TNF-α-Induced Angiogenesis and ROS Generation through Suppression of MMP-9/NF-κB Signaling and Activation of Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Genes in Human EAhy926 Endothelial Cells. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:8257238. PubMed PMID: 26823953; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4707368.
  • Shen T, Morlock G, Zorn H. Production of cyathane type secondary metabolites by submerged cultures of <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> and evaluation of their antibacterial activity by direct bioautography. Fungal Biol Biotechnol. 2015;2:8. PubMed PMID: 28955459; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5611583.
  • Lee SR, Jung K, Noh HJ, Park YJ, Lee HL, et al. A new cerebroside from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus and its applicability to cancer treatment. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2015 Dec 15;25(24):5712-5. PubMed PMID: 26547693.
  • Zhang CC, Yin X, Cao CY, Wei J, Zhang Q, et al. Chemical constituents from Hericium erinaceus and their ability to stimulate NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth on PC12 cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2015 Nov 15;25(22):5078-82. PubMed PMID: 26481911.
  • Wang C, Su W, Su X, Ni G, Liu T, et al. Synergy Effects of Three Plant Extracts on Protection of Gastric Mucosa. Nat Prod Commun. 2015 Nov;10(11):1989-91. PubMed PMID: 26749844.
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  • Raman J, Lakshmanan H, John PA, Zhijian C, Periasamy V, et al. Neurite outgrowth stimulatory effects of myco synthesized AuNPs from Hericium erinaceus (Bull: Fr) Pers on pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells. Int J Nanomedicine. 2015;10:5853-63. PubMed PMID: 26425086; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4583117.
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  • Zan X, Cui F, Li Y, Yang Y, Wu D, et al. Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide-protein HEG-5 inhibits SGC-7901 cell growth via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Int J Biol Macromol. 2015 May;76:242-53. PubMed PMID: 25703932.
  • Yi Z, Shao-Long Y, Ai-Hong W, Zhi-Chun S, Ya-Fen Z, et al. Protective Effect of Ethanol Extracts of Hericium erinaceus on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Neuropathic Pain in Rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:595480. PubMed PMID: 25960754; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4415746.
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  • Wang M, Konishi T, Gao Y, Xu D, Gao Q. Anti-Gastric Ulcer Activity of Polysaccharide Fraction Isolated from Mycelium Culture of Lion’s Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes). Int J Med Mushrooms. 2015;17(11):1055-60. PubMed PMID: 26853960.
  • Liu Z, Wang Q, Cui J, Wang L, Xiong L, et al. Systemic Screening of Strains of the Lion’s Mane Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) and Its Protective Effects on Aβ-Triggered Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2015;17(3):219-29. PubMed PMID: 25954906.
  • Mori K, Ouchi K, Hirasawa N. The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Lion’s Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) in a Coculture System of 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and RAW264 Macrophages. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2015;17(7):609-18. PubMed PMID: 26559695.
  • Li IC, Chen YL, Chen WP, Lee LY, Tsai YT, et al. Genotoxicity profile of erinacine A-enriched <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> mycelium. Toxicol Rep. 2014;1:1195-1201. PubMed PMID: 28962329; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5598247.
  • Zhu Y, Chen Y, Li Q, Zhao T, Zhang M, et al. Preparation, characterization, and anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of Bi3+-Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide complex. Carbohydr Polym. 2014 Sep 22;110:231-7. PubMed PMID: 24906751.
  • Lee KF, Chen JH, Teng CC, Shen CH, Hsieh MC, et al. Protective effects of Hericium erinaceus mycelium and its isolated erinacine A against ischemia-injury-induced neuronal cell death via the inhibition of iNOS/p38 MAPK and nitrotyrosine. Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Aug 27;15(9):15073-89. PubMed PMID: 25167134; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4200813.
  • Li IC, Chen YL, Lee LY, Chen WP, Tsai YT, et al. Evaluation of the toxicological safety of erinacine A-enriched Hericium erinaceus in a 28-day oral feeding study in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2014 Aug;70:61-7. PubMed PMID: 24810469.
  • Li G, Yu K, Li F, Xu K, Li J, et al. Anticancer potential of Hericium erinaceus extracts against human gastrointestinal cancers. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014 Apr 28;153(2):521-30. PubMed PMID: 24631140.
  • He X, Wang X, Fang J, Chang Y, Ning N, Guo H, Huang L, Huang X, Zhao Z. Structures, biological activities, and industrial applications of the polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus (Lion’s Mane) mushroom: A review. Int J Biol Macromol. 2017 Apr;97:228-237. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.040. Epub 2017 Jan 10. PMID: 28087447.

Lion’s Mane

Hericium erinaceus

YAMABUSHITAKE

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IRELAND delivery:

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  • You will receive your order within 7 working days. Items will be delivered Monday – Friday.
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